Decoder. plain-English AI glossary

Vocabulary size

● Core

Also called Vocabulary Size

How many distinct tokens the model knows — a trade-off between shorter sequences and a bigger, heavier vocabulary.

Think of it like

The number of keys on a keyboard: more keys means fewer keystrokes per word, but a bulkier keyboard.

Example

Bumping the vocabulary from 32k to 128k tokens lets the model encode the same text in fewer tokens, especially in other languages.

How it actually works

A larger vocabulary encodes text in fewer tokens — cheaper and faster context-wise — but inflates the embedding and output layers, adding parameters and memory. Too small and everything fragments into many tokens; too large and rare tokens are undertrained and the model gets heavier. Modern models trend toward larger vocabularies partly to serve many languages more fairly.

For product teams

A dial affecting speed, cost, and how well non-English text is handled.

For engineers

The token count in the vocabulary; larger shortens sequences but enlarges embedding/output layers.

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