Decoder. plain-English AI glossary

Recall vs Precision

● Core

Also called Recall vs Precision

The trade-off between catching everything relevant and only returning what’s actually relevant.

Think of it like

A fishing net: a wide net catches every fish but also boots and seaweed; a narrow one keeps the catch clean but misses fish.

Example

Set retrieval to return 20 chunks and you rarely miss the answer (high recall) but drag in noise; return 3 and every chunk is on-point (high precision) but you sometimes miss the key one.

How it actually works

Recall is the share of all relevant items you actually retrieved; precision is the share of what you retrieved that was relevant. Turning one dial usually moves the other the wrong way. In RAG the sweet spot depends on the model: too few chunks and it lacks the answer, too many and it drowns in distractors. Re-ranking is the usual way to get precision back after casting a wide, high-recall net.

For product teams

The core quality lever in search — decide whether missing an answer or showing junk hurts your users more.

For engineers

Recall = TP/(TP+FN), precision = TP/(TP+FP); tune top-k to trade them, then restore precision with a reranker.

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