Decoder. plain-English AI glossary

Noise floor

● Core

The minimum detectable change in your metric, below which differences are just noise.

Think of it like

Audio equipment with background hum at 30dB — you can't hear signals quieter than that.

Example

Your eval metric is 85% ± 5% (std 5%). The noise floor is around 5%. Changes smaller than that are invisible in the noise.

How it actually works

Knowing your noise floor is critical. If you can only detect 2% changes, a 1% improvement is meaningless even if it's technically better. Lowering the noise floor requires larger eval sets (expensive) or lower-variance metrics (hard to design). Many papers ignore noise floor and claim credit for improvements smaller than it.

For product teams

Only trust improvements larger than your noise floor. Anything smaller is statistical illusion.

For engineers

Compute from your eval variance. Report it alongside metrics. Flag claimed improvements smaller than it.

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